LITCA 300 TABLET

🧠⚖️💊 Lithium Carbonate 300mg: A Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder

Lithium Carbonate 300mg is a widely prescribed mood stabilizer primarily used in the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder, particularly in managing mania and bipolar depression. It is one of the oldest psychiatric medications and remains a gold standard for mood stabilization. Lithium does not act as a traditional sedative or antidepressant but instead modulates mood swings, helping patients maintain emotional balance.

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🧪 Mechanism of Action

Lithium’s exact mechanism is not completely understood, but it is believed to:

• Alter neurotransmitter levels, especially serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

• Stabilize neuronal membranes and influence second messenger systems (e.g., inositol monophosphate).

• Reduce the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in individuals with mood disorders.

The therapeutic effects are gradual, typically requiring 1 to 3 weeks for full benefit.

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📌 Indications

Lithium Carbonate 300mg is commonly used for:

• Acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder

• Long-term maintenance to prevent recurrence of mania or depression

• Adjunct therapy in treatment-resistant depression (off-label)

• Schizoaffective disorder and certain behavioral disorders (off-label)

Lithium is particularly effective in patients with classic bipolar I disorder characterized by clear episodes of mania and depression.

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💊 Dosage and Administration

• Initial dose: Often starts at 300mg 2–3 times daily

• Dosage is titrated based on clinical response and blood lithium levels

• Maintenance range: Serum levels of 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L

• Toxic range: >1.5 mEq/L can be dangerous and requires medical attention

⚠️ Regular monitoring of blood lithium levels is essential, especially in the initial stages and during dose changes.

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⚠️ Precautions and Warnings

• Narrow therapeutic index: Small increases in dose can lead to toxicity

• Kidney and thyroid function should be monitored regularly, as long-term use can affect both

• Use cautiously in patients with:

  • Dehydration

  • Heart disease

  • Kidney impairment

  • Low sodium levels

Pregnancy Category D: May cause fetal harm, especially in the first trimester. Avoid in pregnancy unless absolutely necessary.

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🤒 Side Effects

Common:

• Tremors

• Increased thirst (polydipsia)

• Frequent urination (polyuria)

• Weight gain

• Mild nausea

Serious/Toxic:

• Severe tremors, confusion, slurred speech

• Muscle weakness, unsteady gait

• Diarrhea, vomiting

• Seizures or coma (in overdose)

Seek immediate medical attention if signs of lithium toxicity occur.

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🔄 Drug Interactions

• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): may increase lithium levels

• ACE inhibitors/ARBs and diuretics: can reduce lithium excretion and increase risk of toxicity

• Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can affect hydration and lithium levels

Maintain consistent fluid and salt intake to help stabilize lithium levels.

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🧊 Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (15–30°C) in a dry place

• Keep away from light and out of reach of children

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📝 Conclusion

Lithium Carbonate 300mg is a powerful and time-tested medication used to manage and prevent mood episodes in bipolar disorder. With proper monitoring, hydration, and medical supervision, it can significantly improve mood stability and reduce the risk of suicidal behavior. Though it requires careful use, its benefits for mental health are profound and long-lasting.

 Note: This information is intended for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.