Description
💊What is Metformin 500mg?
Metformin 500 mg is an oral antidiabetic medication commonly used to control blood sugar levels in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It belongs to the biguanide class of drugs and works primarily by reducing glucose production in the liver, increasing insulin sensitivity, and improving glucose uptake by muscles.
How to Use Metformin 500mg
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Dosage: Usually starts with 500 mg once or twice daily with meals. The dose may be gradually increased by your doctor to a maximum of 2000–2500 mg/day, depending on your blood sugar control and tolerance.
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Administration: Always take with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
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Do Not Crush or Chew extended-release tablets.
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Follow your doctor’s instructions strictly regarding dose and timing.
Ingredients and Mechanism
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Active Ingredient: Metformin hydrochloride 500 mg.
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Mechanism:
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Decreases hepatic glucose production
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Enhances insulin sensitivity
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Improves peripheral glucose uptake
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Does not cause hypoglycemia on its own
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Common Side Effects
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Gastrointestinal:
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Nausea
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Vomiting
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Diarrhea
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Bloating
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Flatulence
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These often improve over time or with dose adjustment.
Serious Side Effects
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Lactic Acidosis (rare but serious):
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Symptoms: Weakness, trouble breathing, stomach discomfort, dizziness, slow heartbeat
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Risk factors: Kidney dysfunction, alcohol abuse, dehydration, severe infection
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency (with long-term use):
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Symptoms: Fatigue, neuropathy, memory issues
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Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of lactic acidosis.
Monitoring & Follow-Up
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Blood Glucose & HbA1c: Regular monitoring is essential to assess control.
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Renal Function Tests (eGFR): At initiation, and periodically thereafter.
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Vitamin B12 Levels: Especially with long-term use.
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Weight and Diet: Monitored as part of overall diabetes management.
Warnings & Precautions
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Do not use in patients with:
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Severe kidney disease (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²)
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Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis
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History of lactic acidosis
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Use cautiously in:
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Older adults
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Those with liver disease or alcohol use disorder
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Stop temporarily before contrast imaging procedures or surgeries under anesthesia.
Summary
Metformin 500 mg is a first-line oral therapy for Type 2 Diabetes with a proven safety and efficacy profile. It helps lower blood glucose without causing weight gain or hypoglycemia. Proper use, regular monitoring, and awareness of potential side effects ensure the best therapeutic outcomes.
Always take as prescribed, never adjust your dose without consulting your doctor, and maintain a healthy diet and exercise plan to maximize its benefits.
Note: This information is intended for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
