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💊 SITAGLIPTIN 50MG TABLET – COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW 💊
Introduction:
Sitagliptin 50mg is an oral antidiabetic medication primarily prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class of drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which regulate blood sugar by enhancing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon release. It is typically used in conjunction with diet, exercise, and sometimes other diabetes medications to control high blood sugar.
Uses:
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Primary Indication: Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Adjunctive Therapy: Often prescribed along with metformin or other antidiabetic agents such as sulfonylureas or insulin for better glycemic control.
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Goal of Therapy: To improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
Ingredients:
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Active Ingredient: Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (equivalent to 50mg sitagliptin base).
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Inactive Ingredients (may vary by brand): Microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, and film-coating agents such as hypromellose and titanium dioxide.
Mechanism of Action:
Sitagliptin inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, thereby prolonging the activity of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP). These hormones increase insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and reduce glucagon secretion from alpha cells in a glucose-dependent manner, leading to lower blood glucose levels, especially after meals.
Side Effects:
Common and less serious side effects may include:
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Headache
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Nasopharyngitis (cold-like symptoms)
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Upper respiratory tract infections
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Stomach discomfort or bloating
Rare but serious side effects include:
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Pancreatitis (severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting)
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Hypoglycemia (especially when used with sulfonylureas or insulin)
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Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
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Joint pain (arthralgia)
Precautions:
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Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment may be necessary for patients with moderate to severe kidney disease.
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Pancreatitis Risk: Patients should be monitored for signs of pancreatitis.
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Not for Type 1 Diabetes or DKA: Sitagliptin is ineffective in patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
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Pregnancy and Lactation: Use only if clearly needed; limited human data available.
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Drug Interactions: Caution with drugs that may affect kidney function or interact with insulin secretion.
Administration Guidelines:
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Taken orally, once daily, with or without food.
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Should be taken at the same time each day for best effect.
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Missed doses should be taken as soon as remembered, but double doses should be avoided.
Storage:
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Store at room temperature (15–30°C / 59–86°F).
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Keep in original packaging, away from moisture and heat.
Conclusion:
Sitagliptin 50mg tablet is a valuable therapeutic option in the management of type 2 diabetes, especially for patients who are unable to achieve adequate glycemic control with lifestyle changes and metformin alone. With its convenient once-daily dosing and generally well-tolerated profile, it plays a significant role in long-term diabetes care. However, appropriate monitoring and individualized assessment are essential to ensure safety and efficacy.
Note: This information is intended for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
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