OMNIKACIN 500 INJECTION 2ML

💉 Amikacin 500mg Injection – Comprehensive Overview & Safety Guidelines 🦠

Introduction:
Amikacin 500mg injection is a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic utilized in hospital settings to treat severe bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This medication is administered parenterally (via injection or infusion) under medical supervision.

🧪 Pharmacological Profile

• Mechanism of Action:
  Amikacin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to defective proteins and bacterial cell death.

• Pharmacokinetics:

  • Absorption: Not absorbed orally; administered via injection.

  • Distribution: Widely distributed in body fluids and tissues.

  • Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism.

  • Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine.

📋 Clinical Indications

Amikacin 500mg injection is indicated for:

• Severe Infections: Including bacteremia, septicemia, and endocarditis.

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Including pyelonephritis.

• Intra-abdominal Infections: Including peritonitis.

• Bone and Joint Infections: Including osteomyelitis.

• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Including cellulitis and wound infections.

• Tuberculosis (TB): As part of combination therapy for resistant strains.

💊 Dosage and Administration

• Adult Dosage:
  Typically, 15 mg/kg/day divided into two or three doses.

• Pediatric Dosage:
  Dosage is weight-based; consult pediatric dosing guidelines.

• Administration Routes:

  • Intravenous (IV) Infusion: Over 30–60 minutes.

  • Intramuscular (IM) Injection: Deep into a large muscle.

• Duration:
  Generally 7–14 days, depending on infection severity and patient response.

⚠️ Warnings and Precautions

• Renal Impairment:
  Use with caution in patients with kidney dysfunction; dosage adjustments may be necessary.

• Hearing Loss:
  Potential for ototoxicity; monitor for signs of hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance issues.

• Neuromuscular Disorders:
  May exacerbate conditions like myasthenia gravis; monitor for muscle weakness.

• Dehydration:
  Ensure adequate hydration to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• Sulfite Sensitivity:
  Contains sodium metabisulfite; avoid in patients with known hypersensitivity.

🚫 Contraindications

• Allergy:
  Hypersensitivity to amikacin or other aminoglycosides.

• Pre-existing Hearing Loss:
  History of hearing impairment unrelated to normal aging.

• Severe Renal Dysfunction:
  Without appropriate dosage adjustments.

🤒 Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal:
  Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite.

• Central Nervous System:
  Dizziness, headache, vertigo.

• Ototoxicity:
  Tinnitus, hearing loss, balance disturbances.

• Nephrotoxicity:
  Elevated serum creatinine, reduced urine output.

• Injection Site Reactions:
  Pain, redness, swelling.

🧾 Storage and Handling

• Storage:
  Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.

• Preparation:
  Reconstitute with sterile water as per manufacturer’s instructions.

• Stability:
  Use reconstituted solution promptly; discard if not used within recommended time frame.

✅ Safety Advice

• Monitoring:
  Regularly monitor renal function, hearing, and serum drug levels during therapy.

• Hydration:
  Maintain adequate fluid intake to support kidney function.

• Drug Interactions:
  Be cautious when co-administering with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs.

• Pregnancy and Lactation:
  Use only if potential benefit justifies potential risk to fetus or infant.

📝 Conclusion

Amikacin 500mg injection is a critical antibiotic for treating severe infections caused by resistant bacteria. While effective, it requires careful monitoring due to potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Adherence to dosing guidelines and safety precautions is essential for optimal therapeutic outcomes